What Are Ethics? Essay -- Ethics in Decision Making

The word ethics is connected intrinsically with questions of correct conduct within society. The word ethics comes from the Grecian ethos meaning character which indicates a concern for virtuous people, reliable character and proper conduct. The term morality is derived from mores or custom the rules of conduct of a group or society. An initial definition of ethics, then, is the analysis, evaluation, and promotion of correct conduct and/or good character, according to the best available standards.Ethics asks what we should do in most circumstance, or what we should do as participants in some form of activity or profession. Ethics is not limited to the acts of a single person. Ethics is as well interested in the correct practices of governments, corporations, professionals and many other groups. To these issues, ethics seeks a reasoned, principled, position. An appeal to existing practice or the command of a powerful attraction is not sufficient. To answer such questions in a co nsistent, reasoned manner may take us far a-field. Some ethical questions will adopt reflection o...

Lebanon Essay -- essays research papers

LebanonLebanon, a democracy that once proudly called itself the Switzerland of the MiddleEast, is today a country in name sole(prenominal). Its government controls little to a vaster extent thanhalf of the nations capital, Beirut. Its once-vibrant economy is a shambles.And its society is fragmented - so fragmented, some believe, that it may beimpossible to re-create a unified state antiphonal to the needs of all itsvaried peoples.Lebanon lies on the eastern shore of the Mediterranea n Sea, in that part ofsouthwestern Asia known as the Middle East. Because of its location - at thecrossroads of Asia, Europe, and Africa - Lebanon has been the center of commerceand trade for thousands of years. It has also been on the route of numerousconquering armies.With an area of 4,015 square miles, Lebanon is one of the smallest countries inthe Middle East. It is small than every state in the United States exceptDelaware, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Lebanon is sandwiched between Syria inth e north and east and Israel in the south. The maximum distance from thenations northern border to the southerly one is only 130 miles. And the maximumdistance from the Mediterranean Sea to the Lebanon-Syria border is 50 miles. Inthe south, along the border with Israel, Lebanons eastern border is only 20miles from the sea.Although a tiny land, Lebanon boasts a great diversity in its landscape whichmakes it one of the most picturesque countries in the world. The coast line isbr oken by many bays and inlets of varying size. At some points, the mountainswade silently right into the sea - then climb suddenly course on tier away fromthe Mediterranean to the sky. Because of the limitation of flat agriculturalland, all but the steepest hillsides have been patiently and neatly terraced andplanted with garlands of twisted grapevines. The mountains lend a great varietyof hues - pale pink, rosy red, forest green or deep purple - to the landscape.Depending on the eon of day, they never appear the same twice, and from time totime whipped white clouds hide all except their snow-capped peaks. Even on thedarkest night, the lights of the villages perched on the mountains shine insmall clusters as a reminder of their presence. On c loser view, the mountainsbecome a jumble of giant gorges, many of them over a thousand feet deep, withrocky cliffs, steep ravines and awesome valleys. These unassa... ...anon.This system worked headspring enough for fifteen years. From 1943 until 1958 thenations economy boomed and Beirut was transformed into the showcase city of theMediterranean. The government seemed stable enough, but th ere were problemsboiling beneath the surface and in the mid-1950s the system began to come apart.For one thing, the Moslems, especially the poorer Shiites, had a substantiallyhigher birthrate than the Christians many people believed that the Shiites hadsurpassed the Maronites in population. But the Christians would not allow a newcensus to be taken, for this wou ld have meant a reallocation of the nationspolitical power, with the Moslem sects gaining at the expense of the Christians.With their hopes for political gains dampened, the Shiites became disenchanted.Why is this once prosperous nation on the verge of total collapse? There are anumber of reasons, but the primary one is that the Lebanese people belong to atleast fifteen differe nt religious sects and their loyalty to these sects isgreater than their loyalty to a united Lebanon. Had the peoples sense ofnationhood been stronger, they would not have suffered the destruction of thepast decade.

Botox Essay -- Fashion Health Appearance Botox Essays

botulinum toxin AWhen people think of new fashion trends they normally think of clothes, but the newest beauty craze that has hit the centerfield age market is Botox. Botox injection therapy, although not completely new, has come out swinging since being approved for use in cosmetic improvements in 2002. Botox is used to eliminate the look of aging by reducing the appearance of wrinkles on the face, neck and hands. Most comm plainly, patients use Botox to eliminate blusters feet around the eyes, wrinkles on the forehead, and frown or laugh lines. It has become such a popular and user friendly alternative to traditional cosmetic surgery, many women and even celebrities host Botox parties to share the experience with their friends. Botox parties are held in private homes, in doctors suites, at hotels and even spas. Celebrities such as Celine Dion, Cher, Madonna and even Sylvester Stallone are rumored to obtain gone under the Botox needle but only a few such as Joan Rivers have credi ted Botox to helping their skin look younger. Although Botox has been promoted as the miracle cure for aging, for many people who suffer from debilitating distracts or chronic pain, it has be to be a wonder dose.So, what is Botox? Botox is the market name for type A botulinum toxin which is a purified form of the toxin produced by the bacterium, clostridium botulinum. This bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning and is lethal in large doses. The botulism toxin could paralyze vital muscles needed for breathing. Although related to botulism food poisoning, the amounts of Botox given are so minimal and localized, that the toxin will not spread to any other muscles in the body, thus making it a safe and harmless procedure. When used cosmetically, tiny amo... ...octor to go through voice therapy. The therapy was to help her extend the effects of injection as well as to give her control over her new voice. So although Botox may be the newest beauty craze sweeping Hollywoo d, its important not to overlook its importance as treatment for many illnesses and disorders. It not only has the ability to take years off someones face, but it can also save lives. Botox has provided relief for my mom from a disorder that was taking over her life and it has given her the opportunity to communicate again. The first time my mom was able to speak without any interruptions was a special arcminute it brought tears to my eyes and it brought a brighter future for her. The ability to talk is something that most of us take for granted. Botox has allowed my mom to keep her job. Botox is a miracle drug and should be given the credit it deserves.

The Genius of Stanley Kubrick :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Genius of Stanley KubrickMany movie managers have mastered a genre or both. Wes Craven and John Carpenter are two of the standoff film legends. Alfred Hitchcock is probably one of the five greatest directors of all time, with thrillers being his primary claim to fame. George Lucas has been the reigning king of science fiction invariably since the release of Star Wars. John Ford is arguably the premier director of westerns. In my opinion, however, Stanley Kubrick may be the person who mastered more genres than any early(a) director. Kubrick was a movie-making genius, much like Steven Spielberg. Anyone you meet on the street can probably name five Spielberg movies. Not many people, however, are aware that Stanley Kubrick was the director of The Shining, Full Metal jackset, A Clockwork Orange, 2001 A Space Odyssey, Spartacus, Dr. Strangelove, and eleven other movies.For my money, The Shining is the greatest horror film ever made. The setting is a reliable hotel in an isolated area of Colorado. The movie starred Jack Nicholson and Shelly Duvall. The hotel is completely abandoned except for a man, his wife, and their young son. The movie is a master-piece. Under Kubricks direction, Jack Nicholson gives the greatest performance of his career. The Shining will scare the hell out of anyone. In one scene the boy discovers the word murder written on a wall. He, however, views the word on a mirror, and thus reads it in reverse as redrum. He then proceeds to mutter the word redrum in an supernatural manner at various times throughout the movie. The crazed character played by Nicholson chases his son through a maze of tall chaparral hedges during a blizzard. The scene is incredible and so is the entire movie. Any fan of horror and/or Jack Nicholson, who has not seen this movie, should rent it immediately. Amazingly, The Shining is the only horror film that Stanley Kubrick made during his forty-nine year career. In my opinion, it is the best of its genre, even b etter than Hitchcocks Psycho.Among the ten greatest war movies of all time, I would include relieve Private Ryan, The Bridge on The River Kwai, Platoon, and Apocalypse Now. Stanley Kubricks Full Metal Jacket also belongs on this list. No other movie has depicted squawk face pack the way Kubrick did in this 1987 film. The hair on my arm was literally standing up by the time the movie had completed the segment dealing with boot camp.

Condition of African-Americans in the late nineteenth century Essay

Examine the condition of African-Americans in the late nineteenth century and apologise why the Thirteenth Amendment, the Fourteenth Amendment, and the 15th Amendment, which were enacted to aid the new freedmen, actually did little. In the late nineteenth century after the civil war the U.S. was over, on that point were about 4 million people that were once slaves that were now set free. The big question for President Lincoln and the presidents that followed was what to do with them? Even though the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed to free and aid the freed slaves it actually did very little to help them at all because many other events that took place, which prevented them from working.The white southern government passed restrictive grim codes, which was mostly just revised sections of the slave codes and replaced the word slaves with freedmen. The codes made former slaves carry passes, observe curfews, and live in housing provided by landowners. T here were authorized jobs that blacks still could not get into. Labor contracts even bounded the freed people to plantations and laws would punish anyone who tried to lure workers away from the plantations to other employment opportunities. Since most blacks lacked specie to buy land many had to rent the land they worked. They had to rent land from white owners, which turned into sharecropping, where the black farmers kept some of their crop and gave the rest to the landowner for payment of the land. This ...

Condition of African-Americans in the late nineteenth century Essay

Examine the condition of African-Americans in the late nineteenth century and explain why the Thirteenth Amendment, the Fourteenth Amendment, and the Fifteenth Amendment, which were enacted to aid the crude freedmen, actually did little. In the late nineteenth century after the civil war the U.S. was over, there were about 4 million people that were once slaves that were right off set free. The big question for President Lincoln and the presidents that followed was what to do with them? Even though the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments were passed to free and aid the freed slaves it actually did very little to overhaul them at all because many other events that took place, which prevented them from working.The white southern government passed restrictive black codes, which was mostly just revised sections of the slave codes and replaced the word slaves with freedmen. The codes do former slaves carry passes, observe curfews, and live in housing provided by landowne rs. There were certain jobs that blacks still could not get into. Labor contracts even delimited the freed people to plantations and laws would punish anyone who tried to lure workers away from the plantations to other employment opportunities. Since most blacks lacked money to buy land many had to choose the land they worked. They had to rent land from white owners, which turned into sharecropping, where the black farmers kept some of their crop and gave the rest to the landowner for payment of the land. This ...

Aestheticism: Philosophy of Beauty Essay

Aestheticism is presently defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica as intended to specialise a scientific doctrine or account of beauty, in nature and nontextual matter, and for the enjoyment and originating beauty which exists in man. In other words, aestheticism is a doctrine of beauty. An Aesthete has a great appreciation for nature. One may look at an object, place, or person and perceive it a different way than another(prenominal) person may perceive it. For an Aesthete to obtain pleasure, it is the perspectives of perception that is necessary to an understanding of both appreciation and creation.Aestheticism is a very deep and meaningful philosophy whose meaning has been changed and interpreted by many historical figures such as Alexander Baumg artistic creati singlen, Immanuel Kant, and Oscar Wilde. The philosophical discipline of aesthetics did not receive its scream until 1735, when the twenty-one year old Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten introduced it in his Halle masters th esis to mean episteme aisthetike, or the science of what is sensed and imagined.Initially, the focus of aestheticism was not so much on art as it was on the live of, and judgments about, beauty in all its forms. Aesthetics is necessarily interdisciplinary and may be interpretive, prescriptive, descriptive, or a combination of these. The younger Baumgarten started at the university at sixteen (in 1730), and studied theology, philology, poetry, rhetoric, and philosophy, especially Leibniz, whose philosophy was not banned.He began teaching there himself in 1735, upon the word sense of his thesis on poetry, and published his Metaphysics in 1739. In 1740, the same year as he published his Ethics, he was called to a professorship or much than precisely, ordered to accept it at another Prussian university, in Frankfurt an der Oder. The first volume of his Aesthetica appe atomic number 18d in 1750. It was written in Latin, like Baumgartens other works, and was the first work ever to u se the name of the new discipline as a title.The next year, however, Baumgartens health began to decline and a secant volume of the Aestheticacame out only in 1758, under pressure from the publisher. Baumgartens Meditations on Poetry conclude with his famous introduction of the term aesthetics The Greek philosophers and the Church fathers have always scrupulously distinguished between the aistheta and the noeta,that is, between objects of sense and objects of thought, and while the latter, that is, what can be cognized through the higher faculty of mind, are theobject of logic, the aistheta are the subject of the episteme aisthetike or AESTHETICS, the science of perception. However, in the 18th century, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant defined aestheticism as both the analysis of taste and the analysis of certain cognition or intuition. Immanuel Kant was a Prussian philosopher who is widely considered to be a central figure of modern philosophy. He argued that human concepts and categories structure our take in of the world and its laws, and that reason is the source of morality.One part Kants philosophy of aestheticism was the Deduction of Taste, which instilled that everything interesting and fundamental happened in the formation of concepts, or in the receiving of intuitions. But now Kant argues that judgment itself, as a faculty, has an fundamental principle that governs it. This principle asserts the purposiveness of all phenomena with respect to our judgment. In other words, it assumes in advance that everything we experience can be tackled by our powers of judgment. Normally, we dont even notice that this assumption is being made, we just go for concepts, and be done with it.But in the case of the beautiful, we do notice. This is because the beautiful draws particular attention to its purposiveness but also because the beautiful has no concept of a purpose available, so that we cannot just apply a concept and be done with it. Instead, the beau tiful forces us to grope for concepts that we can never find. And yet, nevertheless, the beautiful is not an alien and disturbing experience on the contrary, it is pleasurable. The principle of purposiveness is satisfied, but in a new and unique way.For Kant, the other basic type of aesthetic experience is the sublime. The sublime names experiences like fierce storms or huge buildings which seem to overwhelm us that is, we feel we cannot get our head around them. This is either mainly mathematical if our ability to intuit is overwhelmed by size (the huge building) or dynamical if our ability to will or resist is overwhelmed by force (e. g. the storm). The problem for Kant here is that this experience seems to directly contravene the principle of the purposiveness of nature for our judgment.And yet, Kant notes, one would expect the feeling of being overwhelmed to also be accompanied by a feeling of fear or at least discomfort, whereas, the sublime can be a pleasurable experience . In contrast, Oscar Wilde prefaced his novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, with a reflection on art, the artist, and the utility of both. After careful scrutiny, he concludes All art is quite a useless (Wilde 4). In this one sentence, Wilde encapsulates the complete principles of the Aesthetic Movement popular in Victorian England. That is to say, real art takes no part in molding the social or moral identities of society, nor should it.Art should be beautiful and pleasure its observer, but to imply further-reaching influence would be a mistake. The explosion of aesthetic philosophy in fin-de-siecle English society, as exemplified by Oscar Wilde, was not confined to merely art, however. Rather, the proponents of this philosophy extended it to life itself. Here, aestheticism advocated whatever behavior was likely to maximize the beauty and happiness in ones life, in the tradition of hedonism. To the aesthete, the ideal life mimics art it is beautiful, but quite useless beyond its b eauty, concerned only with the individual living it.Aesthetics found that through their great interest in beauty, pleasure that is derived from objects of art is more beautiful than other pleasures. Overall, many philosophers have interpreted the principle of aestheticism in their own ways. Without aestheticism, the deep understanding we now have of the connection of our lives with all forms of art would not be possible. Therefore, after centuries of conceptual making, aestheticism remains as a very complex subject which any poetic heart would be enthralled to learn for the benefit of further understanding the purpose for the existence of art.Art through music, paintings, dance, and performance are all unique, but alike in one way they are products of an artists ability, and desire, to create beauty.Works CitedBurnham, Douglas. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy Immanuel Kant Aesthetics. n. d. 9 February 2014 . Duggan, Patrick. The Conflict Between Aestheticism and Morality in Osc ar Wildes The Picture of Darian Gray. n. d. 9 February 2014 . Guyer, Paul. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 18th Century German Aesthetics. 16 January 2007. 9 February 2014 . Rohlf, Michael. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Immanuel Kant. 20 May 2010. 9 February 2014 .

Great Depression Essay

As a result of her situation Curleys wife has stimulate a predatory flirt, seeking out the company of farm workers to distract herself from the consequences of her choices. This behaviour stems from a type of coping mechanism which allows her to frequently delve into conjuring trick in order to escape her take reality. This is a common tendency of hers throughout the concord, she often expresses regrets at not becoming a film star and leading the glamorous life she feels she deserves (Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes).The loneliness she feels is the root of her manipulative behaviour towards men she views them as a representation of escape from her marriage to Curley and entrust stop at nada to entrap their sensibilities. Her volatile emotions can, on occasion, manifest themselves into violent outbursts this happens most notably with Crooks, who she uses as a convenient outlet for her frustrations. This is best demonstrated when she threatens Crooks with lynchin g after he told her to leave his room (I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it aint even funny).This cruel sentiment is her way of maintaining some control over her life, and imposing her will on others by exerting the little power she has as a white woman over a crippled black man in a racist society. Interestingly this outburst does not feature in the 1992 film version Of Mice and Men where Curleys wife is portrayed as an altogether more than sympathetic and pitiable graphic symbol, stating such things as (Im not your object) which appeases modern interpretations of womens roles in marriage and strengthens her as a character by endowing her with an assertiveness towards Curley that does not feature in the novel.Curleys wife is a strong indicator of what long periods of loneliness can do to acerbate the mind and cause vindictive and resentful behaviour towards others, especially Crooks who is her only outlet. Crooks, the farms resident stable buck, represents the marginal isation of black men and women in the 1920s and 30s, and embodies the make of what continual isolation can have upon a man. The reader is first introduced to Crooks when Lennie stumbles into his room in the barn where Crooks is attempting to rub ointment onto his crooked back.This is indicative of the workers inimical feelings towards him, that he must endure this pain without any offerings of help or assistance from his compatriots. Crooks life was not always so lonely upon meeting Lennie he begins to reminisce of his childhood days when he was able to meet and play with white boys (and some of them was pretty nice), before they learnt the prejudice and hatred of their generation. Steinbeck is commenting on racism, highlighting the needless ruin of a mans life for simply being different.However, in his isolation from the world and all within it Crooks has great(p) contemptuous and resentful towards others he seizes Lennies attachment to George and carefully implants the idea of abandonment into his mind and revels in its set up (Crooks face lighted with pleasure in his torture). Steinbeck does draw a parallel between them, as if Crooks sees his own child corresponding innocence in Lennie, and the fragility of his situation and friendship with George that one number he can be happy and content with the world, and the next staring down the barrel of seemingly endless and lonely existence.Crooks feeds on Lennies despair like a tonic for his own existence, as if he could transfer his feelings of loneliness to another and thereby free himself. One of the most powerful sentiments in the book is Crooks assertion I tell ya, a guy gets too lonely, an he gets sick, which tells of the beginnings of Crooks descent into madness. In an attempt to shield himself from the continual suffering of his own incarceration his mind is slowly retreating into fantasy and hallucination. Though underneath all his bitterness and self-pity Crooks is still a good man (I didnt think of to scare you.Hell come back. I was talkin about myself), he is robbed of his last vestiges of hope after Curleys wifes vicious attack, (Crooks had reduced himself to nothing). This has left him in a reduced state, forced to submit his entire individuality to stay alive. Candy is an aging and handicapped farm worker who represents the effects age and infirmity have upon the poor working class in an unequal 1930s society. Candy is perhaps the most pitiable character in the book, as his age and bodily limitations frequently inhibit his ability to defend or look after himself.This is demonstrated when his pet dog, who was his only real friend, was killed by Carlson when it was decided that its smell was to revolting to bear any longer. This was achieved, with the help of Slim, by the use of peer pressure and the offering of an inducement in the form of a replacement puppy. The fact that Carlson has orchestrated the event so carefully with prior calculation to achieve his desired goal shows his selfishness. That he does not suggest a compromise such as forbidding the dog to enter the bunkhouse shows his contempt for Candys feelings.

Mnemonics

Mnemonics are Necessary A Review of Memory and Learning Aids Torrey Price Ameri asshole Military University 26 June 2009 Mnemonics are Necessary A Review of Memory and Learning Aids We learn many different things during childhood and even before then. Our brain has the subject matter for acquisition to the degree we do not admit which means that our learning capabilities are endless and we provide solo limit ourselves with the amounts of information there is to know in a lifetime.However, how do we get to the point that we can learn so much? What means or panaches are there that we can learn to expand the capacity of our minds? What good would it be to know all of this information if we cannot access it at any point that we want? One way to improve the way you learn and call in is a system called mnemonics. It is an aid or in some cases, are strategies that can increase recalling 10-fold (Patten, 1990). We may already use this system and not be aware.Can you recall learning th e speech communication to your favorite song as a teen? Maybe you taken what the artist was saying and you might have put in your own words, then someone comes along and tells you the real lyrics. You may learn the new lyrics precisely that song may be forever associated with the lyrics you came up with. Or when learning the colors of the spectrum, you may have been taught to have in mind them by giving them the mnemonic Roy G. Biv Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, over-embellished (Coon, 2006).Mnemonic techniques are ways to remember what you need to know by a way of association, giving them meaning or even visualizing making it as vivid or ridiculous as possible. Mnemonic techniques are also ways to avoid rote learning, the to a greater extent common, ha stainual and fixed way of learning by simple repetition (Coon, 2006). The word mnemonic is derived from the Ancient Greek word mnemonikos and is related to Mnemosyne, the name of the goddess of memory in Greek mytholo gy. Both of these words refer back to mnema or remembrance.Now you may not remember her name or what set mythology she is from but allow me to put it this way. Mnemosyne had a tell apart affair with the highest of the gods in Greek mythology. The affair lasted nine days and nine nights and as a result of that affair Mnemosyne gave birth to nine children- the nine muses (Svantesson, 2004). A myth is said to be knowledge in disguise because a story is more easily remembered than raw facts. Mnemonics in ancient times can be considered the basis of what is today known as the art of Memory.Try to imagine a time before the widespread use of paper and pens, where the only means for a society to pass on lessons and teaching were by memory. The Romans and Greeks were a society like this and mnemonics were one of the most important subjects taught in schooltime (Patten, 1990). Mnemonics are not a neat trick to show off to your friends at a party but a skill that is designed to heighten the way you remember a subject. Paying attention is of the up most importance when practicing your techniques and that attention cannot be divided (Turkington, 2003).It is important to know that even though it may seem like you are paying attention, the brain does take an amount of resource to adhere to your surroundings, for instance, you are in an auditorium listening to President utter about carrots and suddenly somebody behind you rips one or somebody is talking on the phone. Although paying attention is only a part of it, truly knowing the techniques pass on suspensor you to learning the information you need. There are many techniques you can use to learn a myriad of things such as numbers, speeches and even languages.Association was one of the ways mentioned before, and by associate certain words with others we create cues to help us remember those words (Patten, 1990). The use of Acronyms to remember a phrase or group of words is very easy and very common, for example, the a cronym NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization or to remember the enormous Lakes we use the Acronym HOMES (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior). Acrostics are a way of using first letter cueing to remember a certain phrase, whereby we take the first word of each bit of information we want to learn and turn it into the first word of a sentence (Turkington, 2003).For example, to remember the six current England states in descending order (Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut) we could make the sentence Martha Never Had Many Red Cars. Popular sayings can also help you to remember such as righty tighty, lefty loosey can help you to remember which way the common screw or nut and bolt turns and spring forward, fall back can remind you how to set our clock during solar day savings time.Visualization is also a great way to memorize information it helps a lot with language learning. A good imagination will greatly enhance the chance of you being able to remember. An example of this can be carte which is the Spanish word for letter. If you can imagine a obtain cart full of mail, that can cue you to that words meaning. In conclusion, Mnemonics has shown to be a very useful tool when it comes to learning what it is we need to be learned. The more we practice these techniques the better we become at learning.Mnemonic techniques are based on association and should be exaggerated in size, number, and color, absurd, moving, sexual, sensual, ridiculous, unusual and unexpected. We tend to remember things that are out of the ordinary or that are utterly ridiculous. These tools are a great learning multiplier and should be taught in every classroom. I believe this system will replace the current phonics system that is widely used today, which is a way of getting back to basics, seeing as though this system has been in place for centuries.So the next time you have the opportunity to teach a child to say their alphabets, tie thei r shoes or even learn another language, remember this system and you cant go wrong. References Coon, D. (2006). Psychology A Modular Approach to Mind and Behavior, Tenth Edition. Belmont, CA Thomson Higher Education. Patten, B. (1990). The History of Memory Arts. Neurology, 40, 346-352 Svantesson, I. (2004). Learning Maps and Memory Skills, Revised Second Edition. London Kogan Page Limited. Turkington, C. (2003). Memory A Self-teaching Guide. Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Helen of Troy Fact vs. Fiction Essay

Together, in the spur of the moment, they ran. The w in alls they enclosed themselves in, along with all of troy, protected them as the ships launched and war erupted. Helen of troy weights bilgewater of love and deceit inspired authors, such as mark and Tisias, to write about the war caused by superstar woman and her act of betrayal towards her husband. As hi composition goes and passes, questions arise as to whom exactly was Helen of troy, and was she even real. Is the story true about the women who had the face that launched a thousand ships or is the fab legend narrated as a make-believe tale expressed by the authors of past millennia?The epic tale of Helen of Troy has been told for three thousand years, since 1200 B.C.E. Before the 19th atomic number 6, Helen of Troy was perspective of as a myth written by the Roman author, Virgil, in the _Aeneid,_ and the Greek poet, home run, in the _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_. However, in the late 1800s, an archaeologist discovered the lost city of Troy in Turkey. The discovery not only supported the writings of home run and Virgil, only if was based off clues from bulls eye. Maps of Turkey show evidential proof of Troy and its location. There are three main aspects of the existence of Troy, Sparta, and maybe even Helen herself literacy, historical, and archaeological.Exactly, who was Helen of Troy? There are three main versions of Helen of Troy mythological Helen of Troy, goddess Helen, the little girl of Zeus, and Helen the historical figure. In myths, Helen of Troy can be open up as the heroine in epics. In Homers Iliad, she was the main cause of the trojan War. As a goddess, its only natural that Helen would rescue sanctuaries made for her. Sanctuaries could be found in superannuated Greece, Palestine, Sicily, Turkey (where Troy was said to be located), and Egypt. Helen was thought of as a divine figure because she represented beauty, sexual attraction, and the troubling power of women. If hotshot were to examine and research Helensentire story, he or she would discover that her story relates to the events that occurred during the Bronze Age. Real or not, Helen of Troy had a tremendous impact on the lives of people that knew of her.In Greek mythology, Helen of Troy was the daughter of the god, Zeus, and the mortal human being, Leda. When Helens parents came across each former(a), Zeus was in the form of a swan and was being chased by an eagle. They collided into one another, and soon they began to fall in love and had a child. Ledas baby came from an egg, in which Helen was hatched. Even as a child, Helen was the fairest in all of Greece. One day, she was captured by Theseus, an Athenian who pledged he would wed the daughter of Zeus. Helens twin brothers, Castor and Pollex, had to rescue her and take her back to Sparta. When Helen got older, she was still the fairest and was wanted by all the men, only she matrimonial Menelaus who then became the king of Sparta.Some years later, Paris, a Trojan prince, was promised Helen by the Greek goddess, Aphrodite. He traveled to Sparta to receive his bride, even though she was already betrothed. Paris seduced Helen, and he escorted her back to Troy with him. When Menelaus noticed his wife had departed, he implored that his brother, Agamemnon, guide the Greek army to ardor Troy retrieve Helen. The Spartans and the Trojans fought a decade war in which the Trojans conquered the Spartans and prevailed throughout the battles. Paris perished after the Spartan capture of Greece, and Helen advanced towards Menelaus, where they were reunited.Based off Greek mythology, Homer writes an epic piece, the _Iliad,_ which is recognized as one of the two, first works of Western literature that agrees with the teachings of ancient Greek mythology. Although, scholars are uncertain if it very was Homer that wrote the _Iliad_, all credit, so far, belongs to him. The _Iliad_ tells the story of the Trojan War and mainly focuses on the ch aracters Achilles and Hector, but it also informs one about the story of Helen of Troy. The story goes as such Helen was the wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta, but when the Trojans arrived in Greece to notarize the treaty between the Spartans and Trojans, she was seduced by Paris, the prince of Troy.Helen could have either been persuaded by Parisor set by her own motivations to leave Menelaus and her daughter Hermione, but she departed with Paris to his homeland of Troy. When Helen and Paris left, Menelaus launched his ships to have Helen returned to him. The act of sending out the ships, caused Trojans and Spartans to break their treaty and go to battle, therefore, the Trojan War began. Although Homer was the primary writer about Helen, he was not the only one to do so.Along with Homers epic poem, a 6th century B.C.E. lyric poet named Stesichorus wrote two versions of Helen of Troy. Stesichorus was born as Tisias or Teisias in Sicily, and he invented the choral heroic hymn. One of the two stories he wrote about Helen was fact, _Palinodia,_ and one was fiction, _Phaedrus_. Stesichorus first wrote the false story about Helen of Troy. In his writings, he stated that not only did Helen of Sparta not reach Troy, but that the gods sent a phantasma of her in her place. Helen and Paris ended up in Egypt, where they stayed there as guests of King Proteus. After the war, Menelaus and Helen reunited in Egypt. When his story was finished, Stesichorus was struck blind. He then wrote the tralatitious story of Helen of Troy that was inspired by Homer, and he gained back his sight after the accepted story was complete. Homer and Stesichorus are just two of the umteen literary composers who wrote about the accounts of Helen of Troy.The exact location of Troy has been the search of many geologists and archaeologists interests, and other believers of the city. With the help of Homer, geological investigators pursue the search for the ancient city.In whitethorn of 1873, an archaeologist by the name of Heinrich Schliemann discovered the Troy, or Truva, in Turkey. Using the Iliad as a guide to find the lost city of Troy, Schliemann found a village in Hissarlik thats location matched Homers writings.The geographical features described by Homer were generally in an accurate location. When Schliemann found Troy in the village Hissarlik, there was a hill next to it where he found the hidden treasure. In Hissarlik, the distance from the Aegean sea was accurate to Homers writings and Mount Ida was visible. The grounds around the walls of the city were flat to the pointwhere someone could run around them.Through excavating, untold mysteries can be uncovered as one learns about what type of city Troy was. Troy was not just one city but several cities luxuriant on top of the other. When one would fail or be brought down, a new structure would be built above it. There were twelve enter cities of Troy one built right on top of the other. Homeric Troy, or Troy VII, dated around 1325 B.C.E. to 1990 B.C.E. and was in ruins sometime from 1200 B.C.E. to 1990 B.C.E. The remains of Troy postwar were in a terrible state. It was obvious Troy VII was destroyed in a conflict that arose among the different territories. The buildings were demolished inside and extracurricular of the city.While excavating and exploring this newly found site, Schliemann and his wife saw glinting copper from the side of a shaft. When Schliemann climbed down, he was facing in the direction of the wall, which seemed to have a copper jug hidden inside it. After carving it out, Schilemann and his wife saw that the inside of the jug was filled with golden earrings, necklaces, and pots of gold and silver. Along with the general jewelry and gold findings, were two gold diadems, crowns worn to show royalty, that only a queen or princess, such as Helen, would wear.Archaeologists now know the dates of the attack of the city because of the imported goods from the Mycenaean were declining. If the attackers were Mycenaean, it would not be a surprise that the number of Mycenaean pottery imported into the city would decrease while other imported pottery was consistent. If trading was happening, there must have been people during that time.Searching through the debris, numerous human remains were discovered. A human skull was found inside the southern gate of Ancient Troy. A lower jawbone, from an adult male, was found in the rubble of what was previously the foundation of a residence remote the city. An entire skeleton was also exposed on the surface of the stratum of ancient foundations. These bones not only prove that Troy was a habitation, but that its former residents were unable or insufficient to withstand their opponents and were allmurdered or enslaved. If there were any survivors of the final assault on Troy VII, they would have buried their deceased, unlike an adversary, who would be unconcerned with its enemys lifeless body completely.The location of what geographers and archaeologists believe is Troy fits the description of what was told in the writings of ancient writers. The location of the artifacts uncovered, match the weapons that the Ancient Greeks had used. The Greeks used bronze arrowheads as their tools of weaponry during battle. While excavating the remnants of the forts and city of Troy, three bronze arrowheads were discovered. Two were in the forts and one was in the city.According to scientists, Homers description of the Trojan battlefield was accurate. When the scientists drilled sediments in North Western Turkey to map the coastline of the city that stood 2,000 years ago, their findings corresponded with Homers description. It has to be taken seriously that the Homeric picture of the fighting at Troy is in close accord with the geological findings, John Luce stated. When role the coastline, the scientists noticed that the coastline was pushed back from the buildup of silt deposits. They decided to drill 70 me ters of the flood-plain surface and they found marine materials, or seashells. As they drilled south, they concluded that the Aegean Sea coastline had been backed up.The story of Helen of Troy may have been misinterpreted rather than overall false because of the cultures and traditions of both the Spartan and Trojan civilizations. Both societies practiced marriage by abduction, the act of stealing a women and marrying her without her having any say. Because of rivalry, women were stolen and forced to marry. During Helens childhood, she was abducted by Theseus and was almost forced to marry him had it not been for her protective brothers. When she was older and already married to Menelaus, she was seduced by Paris and married him. When the war was over, she went back to Menelaus rather than stay in Troy. If Helen wanted to be with Paris, she did not show her affection by suffer over him, but instead went back to her previous husband and original homeland.There are many fictitious an d factual conclusions that one can count about the true story of Helen of Troy. Helen has been portrayed as many different people a goddess to look up to and worship, a mythological beauty that caused a tremendous war, a representative of the women who suffered through marriage by abduction, and even just an actual historical figure. As archaeologists, geologists, and historians strive to find clues as to who truly was Helen of Troy, one can only acquire from what one already acknowledges.Work CitedMoltenbrey, Karen. Myth Making. Computer Graphics World Vol.26, Issue 6.Jun 2003.California Offset Printers, Inc.Belles. Homers Iliad. Iliad, Odyssey, and Aeneid. 2008.http//www.geocities.com/Pentagon/ Quarters/2471/Troy.htmlMeans, Richard. Homer The Epics. Homer. Jan 2006. http//search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct= true&db=ulh&AN=19625259&site=ehost-livehttp//www.in2greece.com. 2/24/2007. Web mistress V.E.K. Sandels. 5/3/08.Foley, Helene. Homeric Hymns to Demeter. Princeton Universit y Press. 1994.

Allegiant Travel Company is a leisure travel company Essay

loyal Travel Company is a relaxation travel organization concentrated on giving travel administrations and items to occupants of little, underserved urban areas in the United States. The Company works a traveler carrier showcased fundamentally to relaxation travelers in little urban communities, permitting it to offer air transportation both on a stand-alone foundation and packaged with the offer of air-related and outsider administrations and items. Furthermore, it provides air transportation under adapted charge flying courses of action. The Company provides planned air transportation on restricted recurrence tenacious flights between little city markets and relaxation goals.Since Allegiant offers fares that are low, strict be controls tend to be mandatory to achieve the desired profits margins. one(a) of the cost control measure used by Allegiant is the use of MD-80 jets. The MD-80 jets incline to be preferable to the airline is that, at a price of four one million million Do llars, they are cheap to buy as well as maintaining (Yenee, 2004). These plans tend to be cheaper in comparison to the acquisition of the newer planes such as the Boeing 737. Allegiant withal prefers the utilization of MD-80 because they are facile as well as frugal to refurbish.The MD-80 agreeably is a dependable plane but with the emergence of the relatively break down airplanes such as the Boeing 737, the MD-80 is becoming noncurrent solar day after day which wherefore it makes much sense for Allegiant Air to acquire the better plane such as the Boeing 737. One of the let out reasons as to why the Boeing 737 is superior to the MD-80 is that, the MD-80 carries with it the many nuisances in flights assessments of safety at times when there is increased concern regarding aircraft maintenance (Vasigh, 2012).Back in the day when the McDonnell Douglas-80 came to be first used, it was fuel-efficient compared to other planes. Today, however, the MD-80 is considered a fuel hog airpla ne with regards to the developments that have emerged in fuel efficiency in the year 1980 when it was first built. In addition to this, companies that use the MD-80 airplanes such as Allegiant Air have to have the airplanes retrofitted to comply with the more modern noise rules as compared to the Boeing 737, which does not (Yenne, 2004).One major reason the MD-80s need a replacement by the Boeing 737 is the fuel efficiency. Airlines such as Allegiant, which tend to use the MD-80, suffer losses in fuel consumption of 25%-35% in comparison to the newer models of planes such as the Boeing 737. As crude oil prices play around $112 per barrel, it is clearer that the future for the MD-80s is genuinely limited. The latter also being based on the number of passengers that both MD-80 and the Boeing 737 present. The Boeing 737 can carry more passengers than the MD-80 by around 17 passengers. The 737 can take up to 189 passengers whereas the MD-80 can only take up to 172 passengers (Vasigh, 2012).Operating economics is one of the major determiners of what type of plan is best used to increase the profit margins, but relatively hard to evaluate as it is in the case of the two airplanes in comparison here- The MD-80 and the Boeing 737. Some of the variables to look at including the potential that the airplanes in discussion have to ante up financially. The potential that it has in terms of revenue as well as the contribution towards profitability that the two planes have to give should also consider. Flights crew expenses as well as the costs of fuel present a significant portion of total operating costs. The 737 with a better fuel economy and passenger comfort is the better option over the MD-80 to affect exogenous variables such as the customer preference so as to increase the profit margins.One of the aspects that the Allegiant should consider is the aspect of shifting from buying one plane for $5 million to buy $40 million to save about 30%-40% fuel costs. Looking a t this from a short run perspective, it might not look akin to a really good conception but calculating these from a long run viewpoint (Vasigh, 2012). It is clear that the 737 is a better option. The latter is based on the incident the savings on fuel in the end outshine the $35 million of purchasing a 737 over the MD-80. Other monetary reasons as to why the MD-80 should be traded for the Boeing 737 is that the counts of cycle on the MD-80 frame in terms of depreciation. The MD-80 depreciates more than the 737 and it has to pay higher landing fees due to its noisy JT8D engine.ReferencesVasigh, B., Taleghani, R., & Jenkins, D. (2012).Aircraft finance Strategies for managing capital costs in a turbulent industry. Ft. Lauderdale, FL J. Ross Pub.Yenne, B. (2004).Classic American airliners. Osceola, Wis MBI.Source document

Dante’s Inferno: Contrapasso Essay

Contrapasso means suffer the opposite. It refers to the punishment of souls in Dantes stone pit by a process either resembling or secernate with the sin itself. There argon m either shells of contrapasso in Dantes Inferno, as he travels ever deeper into the depths of hell. In the Inferno, we ar given a tour with Hell by Dante, who is a middle-aged man. The Inferno is a story of a travel given by devil different Dantes Dante the pilgrim and Dante the author. He has a natural emotion of pity, which he is often reprimanded for. At the beginning of his journey, he is confronted by three animals.These animals demo the three rings of Hell. The introductory one is the she-wolf, representing incontinence, the blurb is the lion, representing violence, and the third is the leopard, representing fraud and deception. According to Dante, fraud and deception argon the worst sins, followed by violence, then incontinence. Virgil is Dantes guide throughout this treacherous journey. Dante us es the concept of contrapasso to posit his own views on ethics of various sins, reflecting on the cultural and political state of Italy at the time. Before Dante and Virgil enter Hell proper, they find the opportunists in the vestibule.They are running around wildly chasing a banner, while nude existence stung by hornets and wasps. When the split came between Satan and God, they tried to stay neutral, and direct they must suffer their punishment. Here, the banner symbolizes a leader, serving as a direct punishment for their indecisive nature. They come across limbo next, where the virtuous pagans are. These are the souls of good non-Christians, who are stuck in limbo because they were never baptized and never went to church to study Jesus. This is where Virgil and the poets reside.Limbo is not a bad place to be, and their alone punishment is that they will never get to meet the face of God. This is a fitting punishment because while alive they never knew of God, and now they ar e interdict from him. They hazard the least offensive sinners in the first ring of Hell, represented by the she-wolf. Once inside the gates of Hell, Dante encounters the Carnal (or lustful). The souls who are in this first section of Hell are so because they allow their lusts control them in life. The punishment of the Carnal is that they are trapped in a whirlwind, blizzard storm.They see the object of their lust, but they cannot have sex in Hell. They are doomed to chase their love around in the whirlwind, and they cannot satisfy their needs in any way. Contrapasso is appropriate here because while living they could not control their urges and always satisfied their needs, but now in Hell they are not onlyowed to. In circle three of Hell, we find the gluttons. Ciacco is a representative of the gluttons whom Dante knows personally. Ciacco means hog in Italian. Because gluttony is a sin of incontinence, their punishment is wallowing around in a slushy mound of garbage.The glutto ns are in a storm of putrefaction. Gluttony was considered a major sin back in Dantes day. Also in this circle are the hoarders and wasters. They contribute to each others punishment as they are in a constant rock war. Hoarders and wasters are two extremes. This is contrapasso because the hoarders are constantly trying to take the rock, while the wasters are trying to get rid of it. Next, they come across the wrathful and sullen. They are stuck in the marshland of Styx. The sullen were drawn within themselves and tried not to associate with others in life, they took a sour disposition towards life.Their punishment is appropriate because they are stuck at the seam of the marsh, beneath the slimy surface. Moving along through Hell, Dante and Virgil come across the heretics. This is a sort of a transitional stage between the sins of incontinence and violence. A heretic is anyone who doesnt adhere to strict Catholic doctrine. Heretics committed some of the worst crimes, according to D ante. Their punishment was to spend eternity in a impenetrable on fire. Contrapasso is in effect here because heretics thought that the soul dies with the body, and since they believe their souls died, they are entombed.Some of them even have to share tombs with wad they hated. The second class of sinners is the ferocious. There are three types of violence violence against neighbors, violence against self, and violence against God. The violent against neighbors are stuck in the river Phlegethon. This is a river of boiling blood, and if the sinners try to escape, centaurs shoot them with arrows. This is contrapasso because these violent souls left their victims in a pool of blood when they murdered them, and now they are stuck in a pool of blood. Violence against self is the next arrive at of violent sin.Those who committed suicide became trees. Since they rejected Gods gift of body, they are forced to stand still and see the human life they rejected. This is their contrapasso, overly whenever a limb from the tree falls off, they feel it. The final form of violence is that against God. These blasphemers, who curse God, are punished in circle seven, round 3. They are forced to lie in a field of burning sand and a fire rain constantly falls down on them. This is humourous because it is the first time while Dante is in Hell that we actually see fire. Circle eight of Hell begins the worst sins, those of fraud and treachery.These sins are the worst because it breaks the combine of the individual. The usurers are loan sharks. They do not further mankind, they just want money. According to The Holy Bible, it is unnatural to charge usury. Their punishment is to carry a sacque with lead weights around their necks. They constantly have to fight off fire and chains from lashing devils with their hands. This is their contrapasso because they used to use their greedy hands to abuse people by taking their money. The panderers and seducers are punished by having to constantly run from one side to another, and demons are there whipping them.The second section contains the flatterers. Because they be and figuratively slung excrement from their mouths, they are punished by wallowing in excrement, which they flatter. This is a perfect example of contrapasso. The fortune tellers and diviners presumed to have the power to see Gods future, but most of them are just tricksters. Their contrapasso is that their heads are twisted completely around, and they can no longer see whats ahead of them. Dante sees weeping dark glasses slowly marching in single file, each one covered from head to foot with a golden cloak lined with lead.It is appropriate because on the outside the cloaks look beautiful, but on the inside they are horrible, like the hypocrites, and they are weighed down by their guilt. Contrapasso for thieves is depicted as serpents chasing nude sinners, and when the snake bites them, they scene into blames and disintegrate. Sometimes they beco me the serpent, and the serpent becomes them. This sets out to show that thieves cant even claim their own bodies. Also, the snakes represent trickery, and the serpents steal the thieves bodies, just as they stole.Bertrand de natural was guilty of separating father and son (King Henry II and son), which caused war. His contrapasso is walking around with his head separated from his body, carrying it like a lantern. It is also symbolic of the father being the head of the family, and his body is separated from it because he separated them. In the ninth circle of Hell, Cocytus, Dante encounters the absolute worst sinners, including Satan. These sinners are frozen with the memory of their sins, and they cannot move. These evilest of sinners are in a sea of ice. Sins of betrayal are in the ninth circle.They were cold hearted and fake in life with no warmth of heart. A unique encounter Dante has is with Count Ugolino and Archbishop Ruggiere. In life, they made a deal, but it went awry. No w, the count feeds on the head of the archbishop. Since the archbishop imprisoned him and sons, they starved to death, thus his contrapasso is that Ruggiere is Ugolinos last meal for all of eternity. At the end of the journey, Dante encounters Satan. He is bigger than the giants with three heads. Each head is chewing on the worst sinners in history up to that point Judas, Brutus, and Cassius.They represent hate, impotence, and ignorance to contrast the three highest virtues of Heaven. Satan is at the center of the universe. His main punishment is that he is frozen and cant do anything. This is the ultimate contrapasso. Dante highlights that Satan himself is an example of contrapasso as Satans sin of seeking Gods place as ruler of Heaven resulting in him forever ruling over the damned. Here, the sin reflects the punishment as Satan aims to raise himself higher and as a result is cast down into the depths of the Inferno. Dante takes us on an intriguing and eye-opening journey througho ut his Hell.He uses contrapasso as a way to show the many different sins and how he thinks they should be punished. Dante also places real people in his Inferno to point out the cultural and political state of Italy at that time. While he does this, he is pretty fair and impartial about who belongs in which flying field of Hell. Near the end of his journey, Dante finally realizes that the sinners got what they deserved, and he no longer pities them. By having Satan frozen in ice, Dante is portraying the message Satan cannot do anything, unless you let him because he is not that powerful.

Lost Languages

It is a sad but true fact that out of the more than than six-spot thousand wrangles that existed in the world at one time, one disappears every fortnight Take the example of Patrick Nudjulu of North Australia, one of the three remaining speakers of the decease language Mati Ke. As tradition forbids him to speak to his sister, he does not have some(prenominal)one he can speak his own language with, and as a consequence, the language is dying out, and will disappear with the death of Patrick. Some of the other languages that will disappear soon and be lost forever are, according to Duncan Walker, Abenaki, Atures, Welsh, and Manx. (Walker, Duncan 2005)In any culture, land and its language are closely inter connected, and in Aboriginal Australia, this is especially true because the entire continent is divided by its hills and other geographical distinctions, and also because of its languages. The people of Wadeye, who spoke Mati Ke, were force to move over and start using the Murri nh-Patta. This meant that Mati Ke was no longer being used, and nobody even realized in the beginning that the language of their ancestors was slipping away into oblivion.Patrick Nudjulu, an old man, and one of the few people left in the world who can actually speak Mati Ke still, says, I still dream in Mati Ke. See all in the past. His own daughter and granddaughter do not know how to speak this language, and they use the Murrinh-Patta that they are more familiar with. It is interesting to note that for Patrick Nudjulu, English is his fourth of fifth strongest language.The author of the book Mark Abley, in a quest to gain knowledge of a few words of Mati Ke, learnt that mi warzu is the name for fruit in Mati Ke, a dhan gi means salt water prawns, a wayelh refers to goanna lizard, although it was sadly true that Patrick Nudjulu himself was forced to use the Murrinh-Patta to communicate with his family. Patricks story is indeed a tragic but an all too familiar one he was forced to t ake leave the town in which he had been living after his parents had given up their difficult life in the bush, but had to go back to life in the bush because he could no longer tolerate the destruction of his town.He has in effect returned to the bark and bough shelters that were familiar to him, as he had lived in them through with(predicate) his childhood. However, despite his best efforts, it was obvious that his language would not be saved although he spoke to his grandchildren in Mati Ke, they chose to reply to him in Murrinh-Patta, thereby leaving no doubt at all that yet another language, Mati Ke, is on its inexorable way to extinction. (Abley, Mark 2005)Works citedAbley, Mark Spoken here, travels among threatened languages (2005) Google Book hunt retrieved on March 11, 2008 from Walker, Duncan In defence of lost languages BBC News (2005) Retrieved on March 11, 2008 from

Law Abiding Citizen Analysis Essay

The film has no opening call sequence. The first images we see argon two production logos which then lead to the first scene. The whizz lens introduces us to what the main geek was doing. Establishing gun shows the innocence in the main suits life as the colour white (the bead) represents purity. Soundtrack- to the tune of hey Mr tambourine man by bob Dylan, a father and his child are having a nice bonding evening as she strings beads and he repairs a tech machine. An instant intruder enters their apartment and chaos ensures.The music in a way links to the teentsy girl that was later on in the movie rapped. An establishing flavor introduces us to the main character the shot shows the main character and his child which suggests that he has a normal family life. The first scene is of the attack, which took place in an ordinary situation. There is only diegetic sound until the attach where sound is added to set the speed of the attacks. The attacker whispers to the character you cant fight fate while attacking him. This makes the auditory sense wonder if the character deserve this or he turns pop to be the antagonist.This is effective as it sets off the mystery of the film and leaves the attempting hanging on. Theres a close up shot of a bat that hits the character on the face and the music automatically lurchs and becomes more violent, theres a slit change in paste and the theme becomes more fastertheres a close up shot of the fully grown guy tying up the characters hands while suggests that he is powerless. Theres a close up shot of a bad guys face smiling and holding a knife close to the main characters face which suggests that the bad guy is in control.A close of shot of the main character is cosmos stabbed is show which suggest that hes lost the fight and makes the audience see him as a weak person. The music becomes more violent as the knife is being pulled out of from his body and a fade out show the characters point of view to show that he is becoming unconscious while we are shown a close up shot of his wife at terror. Theres a focus pull shot of the main character on the trading floor crying while we see the shadow of his daughter in the background which shows that she is far away and out of hes reach.Theres a shot of one of the bad guy sounding worried and sympathetic for the family which is unusual for a thriller. A low angle shot of the other bad guy is shown which tells that he is more powerful and it cuts to a black screen. When this black screen appears we only hear the sound of police sirens in the back leaving up in shock and wanting us to find out what is going to happen to the little girl. The dark music then gets much louder as the film title Law Abiding Citizen pops up in the same bold capital cheek as it did at the start.

Identity Thesis Essay

Over the course of history, contrastive theories have been formulated to help explain the complex resemblanceship between the mind and the body. One of the theories elucidating the mind-body relation is dualismthe view that genial states be independent from personal states. Mental states argon wizards of thinking, feeling, and believing whereas sensual states atomic number 18 those outlined by physiologic and biological sciences. In contrast to dualism, carnalism insists that genial states are in rough way physical states.The most straightforward version of physicalism is the identity thesisthe hypothesis that every symbol of mental state is equivalent to some type of physical state (Reasons and Responsibility, 285-286). Dualists and physicalists have disputed altogether over the validity of the identity thesis dualists denying its claim and physicalists defending it. The biggest problem facing physicalists and the identity thesis is the fantasyion of qualia, the p henomenal quality of a mental state (Reasons and Responsibility, 281).Philosopher Frank capital of Mississippi offers what he c all tolds the Knowledge arguing for qualia. Jacksons bashledge argument presents that nonphysical facts can be devised from facts or so phenomenal quality. by means of the concept of qualia, Jacksons knowledge argument shows that the identity thesis is false. The identity thesis holds that mental events are simply want with brain processesidentical in the same manner that sounds are identical with density waves in the air.The thesis bases on the idea that mental states of thought, sensation, and awareness are alike those of physical states (such as those of the brain and central nervous system). An example of identity thesis is that lightning and an electric charge are two of the same thing. In other words, lightning is an electric charge. An advocate of the identity thesis is materialist Peter Carruthers. Carruthers argues that everything (including mental states) exists done physical causes.Carruthers argument for the identity thesis can be summarized from the beliefs that some conscious states and events are casually necessary for the occurrence of some physical bingles, and that there will be no use up to advert to anything other than physical-physical causality in a completed neuro-physiological science. Thus, some conscious states and events are identical with physical brain states and events (Reason and Responsibility, 301-302). However, the concept of qualia refutes the idea of physicalism, and is the foundation of Jacksons knowledge argument against identity thesis.As a believer of dualism, Jackson uses the concept of qualia to support that the mind and matter are intelligible and independent substances capable of existing without the other. Qualia are the subjective, felt qualities of experiences. For example, one may know all the physical properties of the affectation blushful and the physics behind why some thi ngs are red however it is qualia that allows one to experience what it is like to actually clear red. Jackson constructs his knowledge argument around the ideas of dualism and qualia.To further exemplify Jacksons argument for qualia (and dualism), the case of Fred and his unique color vision will be presented (Reasons and Responsibility, 298-299). For some reason, Fred has the ability to see two colors where others only see one. His retina is capable of distinguishing between two wavelengths of red in which others familiarizes with only one. He tries to explain the difference between the two reds. However he fails in doing so because others do not comprehend the difference.Therefore it is concluded that Fred can visually see one more color than everyone else. Despite having all the physical information about Fred and his special trait, one cannot know what it actually feels like to see two different types of red. Thus, Jackson believes that the physicalist left something out in th e theory of physicalismthe qualia or what it feels like to actually experience something. Consequently, quale explains how dualism is valid and physicalism is incomplete.The existence of knowledge through qualia (mental state) and that of physical facts (physical state) demonstrates the idea of dualismthe view that two fundamental concepts exist. Jacksons knowledge argument derives principally from his thought experiment of Mary the brilliant scientist who has spent her life confined within a black and white(p) room and has never seen colors. Mary learns all the physical facts relevant to the mind. She becomes an expert on the neurophysiology of vision and knows all there is to know about color. When Mary is released from her room, she experiences color for the first time.One would think intuitively that her color experiences provide her with knowledge she previously lacked, and that what she learns includes certain facts about what color experiences are like. The facts she learns upon her release cannot be physical facts because she already knew all physical facts before leaving the room. Therefore, the new knowledge comes from the concept of qualia, which indicates that not all facts are physical facts (Reason and Responsibility, 298-299). Thus physicalism is false. Jackson reaches his conclusion that the identity thesis is false by proving that mental states are not physical states.According to the identity thesis, states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. The concept of qualia refutes the validity of the identity thesis by presenting subjective forms of experiences. The knowledge acquired from subjective forms of experiences differs from those of physical knowledge about experiences. Since physicalism requires that all aspects of knowledge are the same, physicalism cannot be sound. Thus the identity thesis essential be false. The cases of Fred and Mary show that physicalism doesnt amount to all knowledge.The su mmation of Jacksons knowledge argument can be illustrated by the following before Mary leaves the room, she knows all the physical facts about color experiences. When Mary leaves the room, she learns new facts about color experiencesfacts about what its like to see in color. Therefore, there are nonphysical facts about color experiences. Furthermore, the identity thesis is false because Jacksons knowledge argument reveals that there is something about the experience of color (in Marys case) that cannot be captured by the physicalist view.So, physicalism is incomplete. Physicalism lacks the phenomenal quality of the mental statethe ability to experience something disregardless of physical knowledge. Qualia and the mental experience can never be achieved from the premises of physicalism and the identity thesis. Thus, the phenomenal quality of experiences cannot be accounted for through physical properties of the brain. In conclusion, the identity thesis is false because nonphysical p roperties, like phenomenal properties, exist.

Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening

Robert freezes Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a verse form that, at first glance, seems to simply describe the authors journey through the woods. The poetrys language is uncomplicated and the rhyme scheme flows smoothly. Also, the subject matter is easily relatable to the audience the poem speaks of things such(prenominal) as woods, snow, and a horse, which any proofreader can identify with or visualize. These qualities make it easy for the reader to take this piece at face value without reading into what the words mean rather than honorable what they say.Upon taking a closer panorama, however, the poem is undoubtedly the authors keepsake mori. This becomes evident at the end of the poem, w here(predicate) there is an interruption in the flow of the language that elicits reconsideration of the poems frontage of simplicity. Up until the last stanza, all the lines run seamlessly together. Then, the first two lines of the last stanza read The woods be lovely, dark and deep/ But I have promises to keep. What causes the reader to consider a second hang at these two lines is the word but. This word usually signals to the reader that what follows is in contradiction to what precedes it however, in this face the second line does not contrast the first.Therefore, the reader must search for what is being contrasted. The author is not merely commenting on the lovely, dark and deep woods, but is contemplating something. To better understand what is being contemplated, a broader facet at the poem is necessary. The first stanza the author writes, He will not see me stopping here/ To watch his woods fill up with snow. This implies that the author is thinking about spending a great amount of time in these woods, which would be necessary to watch them fill with snow. The second stanza says that this snowy flush is The darkest flush of the year. It is possible that it means literally dark however, it is more likely that the author is figuratively d issertation as to say his darkest, or most depressing, evening. The third stanza speaks of downy flake, which invokes images of soft down, commonly used as a pillow filling.The last two lines of the poem mention miles to go before I sleep, in which sleep is a euphemism for death. These six lines, when examined together, imply that the author is depressed and considering these woods as a net resting place. The authors thought of spending much time, in this character eternity, in the woods exploitation the downy flake to rest his head upon can be interpreted as his contemplation of keepsake mori. This brings the reader back to the word but. What is the author contrasting when he states that he has promises to keep? The author is reflection that although these woods argon lovely, dark and deep and would make an ideal utmost resting place upon death, there ar miles to go, or more life to live before the journey of life ends. After reflecting on peerless simple word, but, which leads to an examination of the piece as a whole, it is evident that the this poem is the authors token mori in which mortality is contemplated and a final resting place is considered while stopping by woods on a snowy evening.Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningRobert frosts Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening is a poem that, at first glance, seems to simply describe the authors journey through the woods. The poems language is uncomplicated and the rhyme scheme flows smoothly. Also, the subject matter is easily relatable to the audience the poem speaks of things such as woods, snow, and a horse, which any reader can identify with or visualize. These qualities make it easy for the reader to take this piece at face value without reading into what the words mean rather than save what they say.Upon taking a closer olfactory property, however, the poem is undoubtedly the authors memento mori. This becomes evident at the end of the poem, where there is an interruption in the flow of t he language that elicits reconsideration of the poems frontal of simplicity. Up until the last stanza, all the lines run seamlessly together. Then, the first two lines of the last stanza read The woods be lovely, dark and deep/ But I have promises to keep. What causes the reader to consider a second look at these two lines is the word but. This word usually signals to the reader that what follows is in contradiction to what precedes it however, in this case the second line does not contrast the first.Therefore, the reader must search for what is being contrasted. The author is not merely commenting on the lovely, dark and deep woods, but is contemplating something. To better understand what is being contemplated, a broader look at the poem is necessary. The first stanza the author writes, He will not see me stopping here/ To watch his woods fill up with snow. This implies that the author is thinking about spending a respectable amount of time in these woods, which would be neces sary to watch them fill with snow. The second stanza says that this snowy evening is The darkest evening of the year. It is possible that it means literally dark however, it is more likely that the author is figuratively public speaking as to say his darkest, or most depressing, evening. The third stanza speaks of downy flake, which invokes images of soft down, commonly used as a pillow filling.The last two lines of the poem mention miles to go before I sleep, in which sleep is a euphemism for death. These six lines, when examined together, imply that the author is depressed and considering these woods as a final resting place. The authors thought of spending much time, in this case eternity, in the woods exploitation the downy flake to rest his head upon can be interpreted as his contemplation of memento mori. This brings the reader back to the word but. What is the author contrasting when he states that he has promises to keep? The author is saw that although these woods are lovely, dark and deep and would make an ideal final resting place upon death, there are miles to go, or more life to live before the journey of life ends. After reflecting on atomic number 53 simple word, but, which leads to an examination of the piece as a whole, it is evident that the this poem is the authors memento mori in which mortality is contemplated and a final resting place is considered while stopping by woods on a snowy evening.

Royal Government of Cambodias Efforts to Achieve

In September 2000, each(prenominal)(prenominal) 189 member provinces of the United Nations General Assembly choose the millennium Declaration, since the universe leaders agreed to put a time-bound beat, 2015, to accomplish eight ends for battling utmost poorness, hungriness, diseases, illiteracy, surround debasement and favoritism against expectant females. The eight ends are ( 1 ) End poorness and hungriness, ( 2 ) ordinary program line, ( 3 ) Gender equivalence, ( 4 ) Child wellness, ( 5 ) Maternal wellness, ( 6 ) Combat HIV/AIDS, ( 7 ) Environmental sustainability, and ( 8 ) Global partnership. These ends are now best known as the Millennium take aiming goals ( MDGs ) . Following this United Nations Millennium Summit in 2000, Cambodia developed its ain set of MDGs c each(prenominal)ed Cambodia Millennium festering Goals ( CMDGs ) , concentrating on poorness relief and humankind development. The Royal Government of Cambodia ( RGC ) is steadfastly committed to rush up its depicted object advancement in order to electric arc into the mercurial ends and marks. After January 7, 1979, Cambodia initiated a steady mental process of development that has produced important advancement over the hoar ages. To do the accomplishment of the MDGs a world for tout ensemble Cambodians, the RGC has been strongly committed to speed up more attempts, take in charge greater leading for consequences at altogether degrees of society, promote trusted partnership in development, enhance outdoor(a) development resources mobilisation, and guarantee effectivity of the ha turn of eventsude of development resources since The General Election 1993. altogether development stakeholders in Cambodia, including representatives of authorities, civil society administrations, the private empyrean, and the external development spouses ( EDPs ) have been encouraged to work together with the RGC that has been moving as a leader, coordinator and facilitator so farthermost to plead of ward its ain MDGs, CMDGs. Cambodia has nine Millennium organic evolution Goals ( 1 ) Eradicate utmost poorness and hungriness, ( 2 ) fulfil cosmopolitan primary feather quill teaching method, ( 3 ) Promote gender e superior and em queen adult females, ( 4 ) flash back kid mortality, ( 5 ) Improve maternal wellness, ( 6 ) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ( 7 ) view environmental sustainability, ( 8 ) Forge a planetary partnership for development, and ( 9 ) De-mining, explosive leftovers of war, and victim aid 1 . Since Cambodia has been a post-war state, attempt in cleaning land countries affected by mines and explosive leftover of war has been a long- overhaul development docket of the RGC. In this respect, the RGC has adopted the De-mining as its ain Millennium Development Goal, CMDG-9 in add-on to the eight original planetary ends.As this paper focuses on MDG-2 and CMDG-2, three pertinent facets need to be closely examined major current policies an d programmes lending to CMDG-2, primordial ch allenges for run intoing CMDG-2 marks, model for run intoing the key challenges and making CMDG-2 marks, which result be discussed in item in the following subdivisions.Development Context in CambodiaThe wide aim of this chapter is to briefly discourse the last-four-decade development state of affairss in Cambodia happening in much(prenominal)(prenominal) an environment that this state had undergone its really distinguishable historical period of re-building and developing a society from the tooth root of 1979 when the state rose once more from about four old ages of about entire demolition of societal and economical establishments and decimation of work force.Given this alone historical background of doing attempts to re-build and develop such a post-conflict society, it is of import to look at the development context in Cambodia in three distinguishable periods. The counterbalance was from 1979 when it emerged from about four ol d ages of genocidal government. Everything had to get down from abrasion, from below land nothing. The 2nd was from 1993 to 1997, when in mid-1997, the state was all of a sudden troubled by two un colligate crisis, viz. externally the einsteinium Asia economic crisis and internally the sudden political divisions and breaks, both happening about at the same time. The tertiary has started from 1998, with the formation of the 2nd RGC, until now, a period of pacification, stableness and uninterrupted growing and advancement. Since 1998, Cambodia s image has been signally altering. It is now indispensable to uncover the state of affairss of socio-economic development procedure in Cambodia by manner of showing a wide overview of major accomplishments and major facets of deficits and future challenges.Major accomplishments and developments since 1998 include the undermentioned. The relegatement of political stableness, security, and peace by the authorities based on a steadfast found ation of the broad multi-party democracy. The respectful for human rights and self-respect has been modify. The authorities besides enhanced the superb administration through province reform and discriminatory reforms and armed forces reforms. While the authorities is keeping low rising prices and a stable exchange rate, macroeconomic stableness and dual digit economic growing has been ensured. Furthermore, break-danceing agricultural productiveness, building a coarse economic base, and turning the industrial sector are what the authorities has been strengthened in order to do national economic system become more competitory. Besides, the services sector has besides expanded quickly by promoting the private sector, so that both economic and fiscal sectors will be more developed. The irrigation, energy and telecom substructure has improved signifi droptly. In add-on, concentrating on betterment of the instruction and wellness sectors are the mark of backbite uping institutiona l and human resource capacity by the authorities. Last provided non least, the authorities has boosted partnership with all stakeholders, peculiarly, private sector, and official development spouses.Deficits and future challenges include the undermentioned major facets. These important advancements still stay put as challenges and have non to the full react to the existent demand of the people. The jurisprudence enforcement is still need to better each(prenominal) bit good as the bench. Furthermore, planetary economic instability and fiscal crisis has lag planetary economic every bit good as Cambodia since it increases in oil monetary value and solid food monetary value, besides depreciation of US dollar. Furthermore, although poorness rate has significantly reduced through high gear economic growing, the rural poorness rate remains high. Besides, authorities besides needs to guarantee dealing safety and good preservation of the route web across the state. Further development of air power substructure, including betterment of airdromes in the whole state and flight safety, still continues to be a significance labor movement to develop the touristry. Electricity in rural countries is still limited, and its employment remains high compared to neighboring states, and is a large trouble in beef uping the fight. Additionally, a societal job which harms public assistance of the Cambodia youthful person is the production and trafficking of illegal drugs. Promoting wellness attention services and clean H2O in rural countries needs to be fixing in order to run into the marks set in the Millennium Development Goals. Furthermore, the major factors that handicap adult females from lending to socio-economic development are the human trafficking, and deficiency of instruction.Current emplacement of Achieving CMDG-2This chapter will reflect the current state of affairs of Cambodia s attempts in accomplishing the Cambodia Millennium Development Goal 2 ( CMDG-2 ) by showing the advancement made so far in doing certain that all Kampuchean kids are able to finish a full class of primary schooling and the challenges in drawing off the marks set under this end.As all the nine ends of the CMDGs had been structured in such a manner that each end contains overall marks and specific marks, it is of import to evolve about the inside informations of the CMDG-2. The CMDG-2 contains two overall marks, overall mark 1 is to guarantee all kids despatch primary schooling by 2010 and nine-year basic schooling by 2015, and the overall mark 2 is to press out gender disparity in nine-year basic instruction by 2010. 2 First of wholly, the overall mark 1 is to guarantee all kids complete primary schooling by 2010 and nine-year basic schooling by 2015. The RGC have made singular stairss over the past nine old ages in bettering entree to instruction. This primary instruction advancement is attributed to a big enlargement of school substructure, the prep and deplo yment of instructors, concentrating on yon countries, guaranting entry of 6 old ages old in primary school and the decrease in parental toll barriers. Besides, the lower second-string school is besides low, and it is chiefly because of two grounds, the slow advancement of flow evaluate in primary schools and the high degree of bead out in lower secondary schools. Furthermore, it will non be affected well until the internal efficiency in primary instruction is significantly improved. All in all, the chief current challenges are to better the primary flow rates every bit good as entree and passage rates to take down secondary school, which are related to the instruction quality issue. Consequently, there must be the focal site over the following sixer twelvemonth since the recent rates of lower secondary school advancement is about 53 per cent 3 .Second, the overall mark 2 is to extinguish gender disparity in nine-year basic instruction by 2010. Equality and non-discrimination are of import facets of the right to instruction. Gender inequalities in primary and lower secondary instruction have been eliminated. They have been reversed perchance as a consequence of a policy of preparation scholarship to deplorable misss in classs 7 to 9 in the instance of lower secondary school. This far-famed consequence was besides accomplished by a systematic focal point on preparation and using female instructors which rat the per centum of female instructors at primary degree has reached 46 per cent of the heart in 2009 and 2010 4 . In decision, the chief challenge of the overall mark 2 is to do the equality mingled with male childs and misss, so that the figure of pupils will be increased.There are some primal elements that have contributed to cover with the tremendous staying challenges in the instruction sector. First, the usage of a Sector Wide plan of attack has provided a mechanism for back uping development cooperation aid with the demands of the instructi on sector. Second, many instruction plans was intelligent in slash downing iterate and drop-out rates, change magnitude publicity rate and school attending in Grade, every bit good as bettering the quality of instruction and schoolroom environment. Last, the enlargement of lower secondary schools and a multi-grade instruction plan is the manner to procure full coverage in all communes and the decrease of partial primary schools.It can be by and large concluded that guaranting just entree to instruction for all and beef uping the quality of instruction have been and remain high precedences that are to be realised by the Royal Government Cambodia.IV. Key challenges for run intoing cmdg-2 marks and major current schemes to turn to the cardinal challenges and make cmdg-2 marksThis chapter will discourse cardinal challenges faced by the RGC and its Development Partners in run intoing CMDG-2 marks and the RGC s policy model to turn to the cardinal challenges and to make CMDG-2 marks. 4.1 Cardinal ChallengesAlthough important advancement, as reflected in the old subdivision, has been made, it is logically argued that the following two major facets in the instruction sector represent critical challenges for run intoing CMDG-2 marksFirst, there is a demand to guarantee just entree to instruction services by constructing schools every bit near as possible to abodes, cut downing the figure of uncomplete primary schools, increasing operational budgets to schools, increasing the ply of instructors, supplying houses to instructors and edifice residence halls for pupils in deprived countries, in particular misss. Access shall besides be expanded for kids in early childhood instruction, every bit good as those with disablements and those from minority groups. Ensuring community or private battle in this procedure is a cardinal for long-run success.Second, it is critically of import to better the quality and efficiency of instruction services by increasing the proviso of school instructional stuffs, libraries and research labs, go oning to further develop the course of study, increasing scholarship hours and supplying scholarships ( hard currency and nutrient ) to hapless pupils, heightening instruction and direction capacities, bettering schools environment ( supply of clean H2O and latrines ) , spread outing vocational orientation, increasing review of disposal, finance and educational quality confidence. It is besides indispensable to better developing systems for instructors and direction stave and to associate them with calling waies and publicity with the advise of heightening their motive.4.2 Priority SchemesTo guarantee just entree to instruction services, the following strategic actions need to be put in topographic point. First, to spread out entree to early childhood instruction plans for 3 to under 6 twelvemonth olds aimed on those communes with low net admittance rates and high repeat rates in primary schools. Second, to guarantee e ntry of all 6 twelvemonth olds into primary school including marginalized groups such as kids with disablements, cultural minorities, and so on. Third, to cut down parental cost barriers of all facets such as liberal payments and increase the figure of scholarships for pupils from hapless households, particularly misss to guarantee their entree to primary and secondary schools. Fourth, to supply proficient and vocational instruction, life-skill instruction and vocational orientation in general schools. Fifth, promote partnerships between the public and private sectors and development spouses to increase support for the proviso of local life accomplishments and vocational preparation and basic/required professional accomplishments responsive to the demands of the societal and labour market. Sixth, to guarantee the rationalisation of the Numberss of educational staff in distant countries. Seventh, to go on the proviso of new schools and community acquisition centres or peculiar(a) installations to incomplete primary schools. Eighth, to heighten parent or community engagement in all phases of schooling, particularly by commune councils.To better the quality and efficiency of instruction services, the following prioritized actions need to transport out. First, to cut down repeat and drop-out rates at all classs. Second, to better the quality of instruction, larning and research at all degrees nationally. Third, to implement the new course of study policy, including the primary and lower secondary instruction which focal point on the figure of learning hours. Fourth, to better instructor s preparation and increase service wage and inducements linked to teacher public presentation and criterions. Fifth, to increase public fiscal accountability and educational establishments duty sing operational budgets and determinations on plans. Sixth, to increase transparence and better public presentation monitoring and answerability of instructors, schools and higher ins truction establishments. Seventh, to better the quality and efficiency of proficient and vocational instruction, life accomplishment instruction and vocational orientation. Eighth, to better the quality and efficiency of physical instruction and athletics plans and school wellness. Last but non least, to increase the quality and efficiency of late person development plans taking to socio-economic development.V. ConclusionIt can be logically concluded that in order to successfully make the CMDG-2 marks, the RGC s should guarantee that all Kampuchean kids and young person have equal chance for entree to both formal and informal basic instruction, without favoritism. as of import, the execution of those schemes need to be followed to make a civilization of freedom, peace, regard for human rights, democracy and rectitude every bit good as a civilization of avoiding force, forestalling drug usage, kid and adult females trafficking and eschewing societal favoritism. More attending shal l be paid to better the quality of instruction by promoting instructors every bit good as outstanding pupils, upgrading learning methodological analysiss, bettering plan, schoolroom conditions and larning stuffs, and making libraries and research labs. To guarantee just chance, the authorities should set up residence halls for pupils, particularly female pupils, increase scholarship for hapless pupils, and construct schools for all degrees in the metropolis every bit good as rural and distant countries. As good, preparation of qualified instructors in equal Numberss need to transport out in an effectual mode and teacher deployment policy shall be implemented expeditiously. The partnership between authorities and private sector and development spouse communities like external development spouses and civil society organisations need to be strengthened in order to better the quality of instruction sector by seting more accent on a participatory attack in the development of any possible schemes that will efficaciously receipt to labour market demands and to the state s development demands. The authorities besides needs to turn informal instruction through literacy and vocational plans, and make learning centres of equity plans.In a broader socio-economic development context, it can be argued that to run into all CMDGs marks in general and CMDG-2 marks in peculiar would be constrained by the uncertainnesss in the planetary fiscal markets and the timing of economic recovery in groundbreaking economic systems, the increased incidences of natural catastrophe caused by planetary clime alteration, and epidemic, which has serious deductions for the state s attempts in raising up the well-being of all Cambodians. Therefore, to react to ongoing and emerging challenges caused by alterations in external environment and to convey about effectual results will necessitate periodic accommodations of allotments of both home(prenominal) and external development resources that a re globally limited in order to guarantee that these resources are better aligned to national development precedences.

Field Trip Should Not Be Removed

NO TO THE REMOVAL OF FIELD TRIPS By Maries Imee M. Venturillo BSEd1-1 Palawan State University College of Teacher Education Title No to the Removal of Field slip up Thesis statement I am writing about belongings bowl bumble in the political platform of the schools and I am going to argue, show and prove that surface bea trip should remain the curriculum by stating the integration of field trip to teaching program, field trip as the demesne of ad-lib communication, studies about scientific exploration in field trips and as schoolroom acknowledgment. -Students remember most of their experiences rather than the lessons they project learned during their school days. So, it is non a surprise of having field trips in school curriculum. Field trip aims to aggravate and support the educational program. Therefore, it should be reasonably provided for in all students. There argon many issues regarding field trips. Many suggest about its removal some are in favor that some are an ti. However, if this issue is addressed and informed to the public, they pass oning arrest how important field trip is.I am writing about keeping field trip in the curriculum of the schools and I am going to argue, show and prove that field trip should remain the curriculum by stating the integration of field trip to teaching program, field trip as the ground of oral communication, studies about scientific exploration in field trips and as classroom extension. Field trips should be incorporated into teaching program (Griffin et. al. , 1994). They suggested that teachers need to riding habit plans that will reflect informal teaching methods rather than use of formal classroom methods which are the main focus of their training.Teachers behold that this kind of activity aggravates students understanding of the help included and besides enhance students attitudes toward the subject matter and in the classroom as well. Furthermore, teachers have also seen that having field trips a re potent pedagogy which they prefer to use both more often and effectual. In addition, most teachers assumed to be capable of adapting their teaching to participate students in small group but much of it is passing worksheets later on field trip. Excursions or field trips are used as the ground of oral communication.Therefore, many find that it is a convincing way to make sure that the students having field trip are extracting the data or information. In addition, students can also have interactive learning through with(predicate) asking questions and discussing it to the other students to understand the matter fully. However, discussions of students should be regulated because this whitethorn cause noise that will distract other students. It may also involve in a class discussion wherein after the field trip they can print ideas or what is the implication of what they conducted to them.Therefore, students best learn while auditory sense and discussing things, and field trips ca n provide the students need in learning. Studies have shown that obligating students in scientific exploration may have a difficulty in class. However, if students are brought out of the classroom, scientific exploration often appears naturally. Therefore, these students are tactual learners that learn best through manipulating things. Bringing students at a science center or in historical museum accompanied by a hands-on staff, children will probably be randy to learn from someone or something novel rather than in printed books.Therefore, if field trips are eliminated, students that do not learn well in scientific exploration in the classroom may decline vex in a particular subject. Making field trip as a classroom extension is also an effective way. Tests and classrooms may not be effective for some children field trips give all student at the same level. Students often ask the importance of topic they study in class. However, if you will take them to places where your topic i s related they will know what its like. Teachers assumed that tudents are highly benefited on field trips and most students indigenceed to go on field trip. For many teachers, the main focus why they want to take field trips are learning new experiences and giving students a real outline of what is available outside their school. Moreover, getting out of a classroom to learn is good for some students. They want to see the real world other than the classroom. Students often see a field trip a free day out of the classroom. However, students will likely have an educational experience that they never could have had in the classroom.Field trips are important way for students to perform skills they have learned into action. Field trips are all naive tasks, but they teach students a lot of beneficial things in life that they will be needed in their future workplace. However, the enthusiasm of the teachers for field trip varied from highly enthusiastic to disillusioned. Therefore, these issues should be addressed in schools. The most powerful memories are those we have experienced. In addition, learning in new environments can provide challenges for more individualize learning.The learning is experienced rather than taught. Therefore, field trips should not be removed in the school curriculum. References 1. Equitable Participation Opportunities for Student on Field trips Louise Herrity(2005) 2. http//www. newfoundations. com/ETHICPROP/Herrity718F04. html 3. In Pursuit of Equity An Idea Whose Time Has Come. IDRA Newsletter (San Antonio Intercultural Development Research Association, September 1990). 4. http//www. griffinlearning. com/GriffinLearning/about-us. php 5. http//www. ehow. com/info_8065185_importance-field-trips. html